RWI Konjunkturberichte

The economic upswing in Germany continued - at decelerating rates - until the end of 2015. Domestic demand remained the main driver of economic growth, while external trade negatively affected the rise of GDP. Indicators suggest that industrial production will only moderately expand, however services sectors are likely to keep growing strongly over the forecast horizon. For 2016 we expect GDP to grow by 1.4 percent, which roughly equals the rise of potential output. Domestic demand will be the driving force of economic expansion, while contribution to growth by external trade is likely to remain negative, because imports increase faster than exports. Due to unfavourable conditions on foreign markets corporate investments are expected to expand only moderately. Private consumption, investments in residential construction and public consumption will however rise strongly because of social benefits resulting from refugee migration, government expenditures and measures to enhance housing supply. In addition, the policy of the ECB contributes to favourable financing conditions which stimulate investment in real estate and the purchase of durable consumer goods. Further, fiscal policy is expansionary and the increase of pensions will be extraordinarily high this year. In 2017 economic expansion is expected to accelerate because of a diminishing negative contribution of external trade. Investments in residential construction will further benefit from additional public funds for social housing and special deprecation rules. However, the beneficial effects of decreased oil prices on real income will fade and public consumption induced by refugee migration will decline. Thus, the increase in domestic demand will slow down. Accordingly, we expect GDP to rise by 1.6 percent next year. Currently, inflation is mainly determined by the decrease of the price of crude oil. Over the forecast horizon this effect is likely to diminish. Due to the expected expansion of domestic demand, domestic price increases will accelerate. We expect the inflation rate to increase by 0.4 percent in 2016 and by 1.5 percent in 2017. Employment is likely to rise further over the forecast horizon. However, refugees seeking asylum in Germany will increasingly enter the labour market. Because their employment opportunities will remain low in the short run, unemployment will gradually rise. The unemployment rate will be 6.3 percent this year and 6.5 percent next year. Due to expansionary fiscal policy and public expenditures resulting from refugee migration, the budget surplus will amount to EUR 4 bn this year, after EUR 19 bn last year. While budgets in 2017 will remain affected by refugee migration and an expansionary fiscal policy, the surplus will rise to EUR 8 bn because of revenues resulting from the auctioning of radio frequencies. However, there are risks to the German economy, especially from the international environment. Global trade has slowed down during the recent years. Moreover, the EU has re-introduced checks on persons at Schengen borders as a result of refugee migration. If these developments continue, the concept of an open, internationally oriented economy would be jeopardized. This would result in structural adjustment processes which would devaluate the German capital stock and lead to a reduction in employment.

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