Die wirtschaftliche Entwicklung im Inland: Konjunktur im Griff der Corona-Epidemie
The respiratory disease COVID-19 and the measures to reduce the speed of its spread are temporarily severely limiting economic activity in Germany. The sharp decline in economic activity worldwide puts additional strain on German exports. Production is also threatened by supply bottlenecks due to disruptions in international supply chains. We expect COVID-19 to spread and therefore remain a drag on the German economy. However, reliable predictions are difficult due to the novelty of the virus. Our forecast is based on the assumption that the measures taken are effective in slowing down the spread of COVID-19. Even in this optimistic scenario, demand, especially private consumption but also business investment, is expected to fall sharply in the second quarter. We expect demand to catch up in the third quarter, when the epidemic fades. Next year, economic activity will to a higher degree be driven by economic fundamentals. Given the current spread of COVID-19, we expect GDP to shrink by 0.8% this year. According to our forecast, GDP growth is therefore 2 percentage points lower than without the pandemic. Next year, GDP growth is expected to rebound and expand by 2.3%. The German government has adopted extensive measures to cushion the economic impact of the pandemic including an expansion of short-time working allowances as well as liquidity support for companies. Given these measures, we expect employment to remain stable in the forecast period. For 2020 and 2021, we forecast an unemployment rate of 5% in both years. Inflation is dampened by the sharp drop in oil prices. We expect consumer prices to increase by 0.7% this year and 1.3% next year. Even without the newly adopted aid measures, we expected the budget surplus to be lower in 2020 and 2021 compared to 2019. According to our forecast, the surplus would have amounted to about 20.5 billion euros in the current year and would have melted away completely by 2021 resulting in a deficit of 6.9 billion euros. Given the size of the newly adopted government measures, the deficit is likely to be much larger.
Schmidt, T., G. Arce Alfaro, G. Barabas, B. Blagov, R. Döhrn, A. Fuest, N. Isaak, P. Jäger, M. Micheli and P. Schacht (2020), Die wirtschaftliche Entwicklung im Inland: Konjunktur im Griff der Corona-Epidemie. RWI Konjunkturberichte, 71, 1, 41-73