When Two Quarrel, the Third Rejoices: Windfall FDI and the Early Winners of the Russian-Ukrainian War
Geopolitical conflicts significantly reshape global investment patterns, potentially creating unexpected economic opportunities. Using the Russian invasion of Ukraine as a quasi-exogenous shock, this study estimates the impact of redirected foreign direct investment (FDI) flows on economic output in bloc-free countries following this major geopolitical event. Employing a Difference-in-Differences model using Orbis Crossborder investment data, the findings reveal a sharp decline in Western FDI into Russia and Russia-leaning countries, alongside a significant increase in cross-border investment in bloc-free nations, with Brazil, India, Mexico, and Saudi Arabia among the primary beneficiaries. Using a Bayesian VAR, I estimate that these windfall FDI have increased GDP in the recipient countries by up to 2 %, underscoring the economic benefits associated with geopolitical neutrality.